Thyroid Overview | Endocrine Society

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that controls your metabolism, regulation of your weight, energy levels, internal temperature, skin, hair, nail growth, and more. The two hormones are created by the thyroid are T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine), they govern many functions in the body such as telling the body’s cells how much energy to use. An overactive or under active thyroid can lead to a wide range of health problems.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THYROID CONDITIONS

Condition

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Newborn babies who are unable to make enough thyroid hormone have congenital hypothyroidism, also known as neonatal hypothyroidism, meaning they are born with an under active or absent thyroid gland.
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Condition

Goiter

Goiter (GOI-tur) is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Commonly caused as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland.
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Condition

Graves' Disease

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that the over production of thyroid hormones or overactive thyroid.
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Condition

Hashimoto Disease

Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune condition affecting the thyroid gland. Antibodies attack the thyroid gland and cause damage, making it less able to make thyroid hormone resulting in hypothyroidism.
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Condition

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive and produces too much thyroid hormone. If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to other health problems.
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Condition

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder. It is caused by an under-active thyroid , resulting in the low production of thyroid hormones and is usually most prevalent in older women.
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Condition

Postpartum Thyroiditis

Postpartum thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland that occurs after pregnancy affecting five to ten out of every 100 women.
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Condition

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system cancer and occurs when cancerous tumors or nodules grow in the thyroid gland.
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Condition

Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are very common and often not harmful or cancerous, but knowing the symptoms and treatment options can be a life saver.
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Condition

Wilson's Temperature Syndrome

One umbrella diagnosis suggested for literally dozens of common ailments from fatigue, to depression, to headaches, is “Wilson’s Temperature Syndrome.” This resource was developed to help dispel the myths about Wilson’s Temperature Syndrome and provide factual information on its history and relation to medically proven diseases.
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Last Updated: June 2020

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